Demographics

Here are links to the major demographics for China, Nigeria, and the U.S. (source: Wikipedia)

CHINA:

People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó
Flag National Emblem
Anthem:  MENU 0:00 “March of the Volunteers” 《义勇军进行曲》 (Pinyin: Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ)
Area controlled by the People’s Republic of China is in dark green. Claimed but uncontrolled regions are in light green.
Capital		Beijing (Peking) 39°55′N 116°23′E
Largest city		Shanghai[1][2]
Official languages		Standard Chinese[3]
Recognised regional languages		Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur,Zhuang, and various others
Official written language		Vernacular Chinese
Official script		Simplified Chinese[3]
Ethnic groups		91.51% Han;[4] 55 recognised minorities List[show]
Demonym		Chinese
Government		Single-party state, collective leadership[note 1]
–	CPC General Secretary	Xi Jinping[note 2]
–	President	Hu Jintao
–	Premier	Wen Jiabao
–	Congress Chairman	Wu Bangguo
–	Conference Chairman	Jia Qinglin
Legislature		National People’s Congress
Establishment
–	Unification of Chinaunder the Qin Dynasty	221 BC
–	Republic established	1 January 1912
–	People’s Republic proclaimed	1 October 1949
Area
–	Total	9,706,961 km2 [note 3](3rd/4th) 3,747,879 sq mi
–	Water (%)	2.8
Population
–	2012 estimate	1,353,821,000[4][5] (1st)
–	2010 census	1,339,724,852[6] (1st)
–	Density	139.6/km2 (81st) 363.3/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2012 estimate
–	Total	$12.382 trillion[7] (2nd)
–	Per capita	$9,146[7] (91st)
GDP (nominal)		2012 estimate
–	Total	$8.250 trillion[7] (2nd)
–	Per capita	$6,094[7] (90th)
Gini (2012)		47.4[8] (medium)
HDI (2011)		0.663[9] (medium / 101st)
Currency		Renminbi (yuan) (¥) (CNY)
Time zone		China Standard Time (UTC+8)
Date format		yyyy-mm-dd or yyyy年m月d日 (CE; CE-1949)
Drives on the		right, except for Hong Kong & Macau
Calling code		+86
ISO 3166 code		CN
Internet TLD		.cn .中國[10] .中国
1.	^ Since the 1980s, simple characterizations of the political structure are no longer possible.[11][12] Currently, the central authority of the Chinese government is concentrated in the 7-9 members of the Politburo Standing Committee, headed by theGeneral Secretary.[13]
2.	^ Xi Jinping concurrently holds the position of Chairman of theParty Central Military Commission, serving as China’sparamount leader, and is expected to succeed Hu Jintao as President and Chairman of the State CMC, two ceremonial positions, in March 2013.[14]
3.	^ The area given is the official United Nations figure for the mainland.[15] It also excludes the Trans-Karakoram Tract5,800 km2 (2,200 sq mi), Aksai Chin 37,244 km2 (14,380 sq mi) and other territories in dispute with India. The total area of China is listed as 9,572,900 km2 (3,696,100 sq mi) by theEncyclopædia Britannica.[16] See Territorial changes of the People’s Republic of China for further information.

China (ⁱ/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People’s Republic of China (PRC), is a country located in East Asia. It is the world’s most populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. The PRC is a single-party stategoverned by the Communist Party of China, with its seat of government in the capital city of Beijing.^[17][18] It exercises jurisdiction over 22provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau).^[19] The PRC also claims Taiwan – which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity – as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War.

Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, China is the world’s second-largest country by land area,^[20] and the third- or fourth-largest by total area, depending on the definition of total area.^[21] China’s landscape is vast and diverse, with forest steppes and the Gobi andTaklamakan deserts occupying the arid north and northwest near Mongolia and Central Asia, and subtropical forests prevalent in the wetter south near Southeast Asia. The terrain of western China is rugged and elevated, with the Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamir and Tian Shanmountain ranges separating China from South and Central Asia. The Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, the third- and sixth-longest in the world, have their sources in the Tibetan Plateau and continue to the densely populated eastern seaboard. China’s coastline along the Pacific Ocean is 14,500 kilometres (9,000 mi) long and is bounded by the Bohai, Yellow, East and South China Seas.

The ancient Chinese civilization – one of the world’s earliest – flourished in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain.^[22] For millennia, China’s political system was based on hereditary monarchies, known as dynasties, beginning with the semi-mythological Xia of the Yellow River basin (c. 2000 BC). Since 221 BC, when the Qin Dynasty first conquered several states to form a Chinese empire, the country has expanded, fractured and been reformed numerous times. The Republic of China overthrew the last dynasty in 1911, and ruled the Chinese mainland until 1949. In 1945, the ROC acquired Taiwan from the Empire of Japan following World War II. In the 1946–1949 phase of the Chinese Civil War, the Communist Party defeated the nationalist Kuomintang in mainland China and established the People’s Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949, while the Kuomintang relocated the ROC government to Taipei. The ROC’s jurisdiction is now limited to Taiwan and several outlying islands, including Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, and it has received limited diplomatic recognition.

Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, China has become the world’s fastest-growing major economy.^[23] As of 2012, it is the world’s second-largest economy, after the United States, by both nominal total GDP and purchasing power parity (PPP),^[24] and is also the world’s largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods. China is a recognized nuclear weapons state and has the world’s largest standing army, with the second-largest defense budget. The PRC has been a United Nations member since 1971, when it replaced the ROC as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council. China is also a member of numerous formal and informal multilateral organizations, including the WTO, APEC, BRICS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the BCIM and the G-20. China has been characterized as apotential superpower by a number of academics,^[25] military analysts,^[26][27] and public policy and economics analysts.^[28][29]

Contents [hide] 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Prehistory 2.2 Early dynastic rule 2.3 Imperial China 2.4 Late dynastic rule 2.5 Republic of China (1912–1949) 2.6 People’s Republic of China (1949–present) 3 Geography 3.1 Political geography 3.2 Landscape and climate 3.3 Biodiversity 3.3.1 Fauna 3.3.2 Flora 3.3.3 Fungi 3.4 Environmental issues 4 Politics 4.1 Administrative divisions 4.2 Foreign relations 4.2.1 Trade relations 4.2.2 Territorial disputes 4.2.3 Relations with the developing world 4.2.4 Emerging superpower status 4.3 Sociopolitical issues and reform 5 Military 6 Economy 7 Science and technology 7.1 Historical 7.2 Modern era 8 Infrastructure 8.1 Communications 8.2 Transport 9 Demographics 9.1 Ethnic groups 9.2 Languages 9.3 Urbanization 9.4 Education 9.5 Health 9.6 Religion 10 Culture 10.1 Cuisine 10.2 Sports 11 See also 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External links

Etymology

Main article: Names of China

China
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese:	中国
Traditional Chinese:	中國
Literal meaning:	Middle Kingdom[30][31]
[show]Transliterations
People’s Republic of China
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese:	中华人民共和国
Traditional Chinese:	中華人民共和國
[show]Transliterations
Mongolian name
Mongolian:
[show]Transliterations
Tibetan name
Tibetan:	ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ
[show]Transliterations
Uyghur name
Uyghur:	جۇڭخۇا خەلق جۇمھۇرىيىت
[show]Transliterations
Zhuang name
Zhuang:	Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz

This article contains Chinesetext. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbolsinstead of Chinese characters.

 

NIGERIA:

Federal Republic of Nigeria      [show]
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: “Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress”
Anthem: “Arise, O Compatriots” MENU 0:00
Location of  Nigeria  (dark blue)– in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) – in African Union  (light blue)  —  [Legend]
Capital		Abuja 9°4′N 7°29′E
Largest city		Lagos
Official languages		English
Major languages		Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba
Other languages		Edo, Efik, Fulani, Idoma, Ijaw,Kanuri, Itsekiri, Urhobo-Isoko,Igala, Igbira, Nupe, Ibibio,Gwari, Tiv, Birom, Margi,Jukun, Katab[1]
Demonym		Nigerian
Government		Federal presidential republic
–	President	Goodluck Jonathan
–	Vice President	Namadi Sambo
Legislature		National Assembly
–	Upper house	Senate
–	Lower house	House of Representatives
Independence from the United Kingdom
–	Unification ofSouthern andNorthern Nigeria	1914
–	Declared and recognized	1 October 1960
–	Republic declared	1 October 1963
Area
–	Total	923,768 km2 (32nd) 356,667 sq mi
–	Water (%)	1.4
Population
–	2012 estimate	170,123,740[2] (7th)
–	2006 census	140,431,790
–	Density	184.2/km2 (71st) 477.0/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2011 estimate
–	Total	$413.402 billion[3]
–	Per capita	$2,578[3]
GDP (nominal)		2011 estimate
–	Total	$238.920 billion[3]
–	Per capita	$1,490[3]
Gini (2003)		43.7 (medium)
HDI (2011)		0.459[4] (low / 156th)
Currency		Naira (₦) (NGN)
Time zone		WAT (UTC+1)
–	Summer (DST)	not observed (UTC+1)
Drives on the		right
Calling code		+234
ISO 3166 code		NG
Internet TLD		.ng

 

UNITED STATES:

United States of America
Flag Great Seal
Motto: In God We Trust  (official) E Pluribus Unum  (traditional) (Latin: Out of Many, One)
Anthem: “The Star-Spangled Banner”
Capital		Washington, D.C. 38°53′N 77°01′W
Largest city		New York City
Official languages		None at federal level[a]
National language		English (de facto)[b]
Demonym		American
Government		Federal presidentialconstitutional republic, Two-party system
–	President	Barack Obama (D)
–	Vice President	Joe Biden (D)
–	Speaker of the House	John Boehner (R)
–	Chief Justice	John Roberts
Legislature		Congress
–	Upper house	Senate
–	Lower house	House of Representatives
Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain
–	Declared	July 4, 1776
–	Recognized	September 3, 1783
–	Current constitution	June 21, 1788
Area
–	Total	9,826,675 km2 [1][c](3rd/4th) 3,794,101 sq mi
–	Water (%)	6.76
Population
–	2012 estimate	315,492,000[2] (3rd)
–	Density	34.2/km2 88.6/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2012 estimate
–	Total	$15.6097 trillion[3] (1st)
–	Per capita	$49,601[3] (6th)
GDP (nominal)		2012 estimate
–	Total	$15.6097 trillion[3] (1st)
–	Per capita	$49,601[3] (15th)
Gini (2011)		47.7 [4] / 39th (2009))
HDI (2011)		0.910[5] (very high / 4th)
Currency		United States dollar ($) (USD)
Time zone		(UTC−5 to −10)
–	Summer (DST)	(UTC−4 to −10[e])
Drives on the		right
Calling code		+1
ISO 3166 code		US
Internet TLD		.us .gov .mil .edu
^ a. English is the official language of at least 28 states—some sources give higher figures, based on differing definitions of “official”.[6] English and Hawaiian are both official languages in the state of Hawaii.^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80 percent of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language. ^ c. Whether the United States or China is larger isdisputed. The figure given is from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency‘s The World Factbook. Other sources give smaller figures. All authoritative calculations of the country’s size include only the 50 states and the District of Columbia, not the territories. ^ d. The population estimate is of people whose usual residence is in the fifty states and the District of Columbia, regardless of nationality. It does not include those living in the territories, amounting to more than 4 million people (mostly in Puerto Rico). ^ e. See Time in the United States for details about laws governing time zones in the United States. ^ f. Does not include Insular areas and United States Minor Outlying Islands, which have their own ISO 3166codes.